Natal Chart
Also called the birth chart, this is the basic view of your astrology that is set at the moment of your birth and which holds steady throughout your lifetime. This chart will be constructed and consulted regardless of what question you have, because it is the basis that all other charts refer back to.
Solar Return Chart
This is your current birthday year chart. It shows the climate that you are encountering from one birthday to the next, and how some areas of life that may be relatively calm or neutral in the natal chart may be activated or chaotic in the current year. This chart is only consulted if your question warrants it.
Relationship Charts
Two charts -- your natal chart and the birth chart for another person (or for a new business) -- are superimposed to look at how one person impacts the other, or how your business will support you and what it will require from you. These charts are only consulted when your question has to do with another person whose birth time is known, or when you are deciding when to launch a new business or marketing campaign.
Transit Charts
Similar to the relationship charts, a transit chart shows the position of the astrological factors on a specific single day and how they fall in relation to your birth or solar return chart. Transits can be calculated for future dates so show how specific energies are likely to be affecting you on any of a number of dates. These charts are only consulted when you are seeking to identify the specific day for a particular event -- usually the most favorable day for opening your new business.
Locational Charts
These are quite different in that, instead of a wheel chart, your birth data is calculated and then superimposed on a map of a specific continental area. Lines on this map show which planetary energies are strongest or weakest. From a locational chart we can see where it would be favorable for you to live, and where your business or family are likely to be adversely impacted.